I. Learning unit: Intraventricular haemorrhage

Objectives and competencies

This syllabus covers clinico-pathological relevancies of intracerebral haemorrhage which ruptures into the ventricular system in multidisciplinary approach. Students may study general structure, blood supply of the ventricular system and the choroid plexus. The pathological chapter introduces symptomatology and etiology of intraventricular haemorrhage and amyloidosis and patho-mechanism of cerebellar herniation. The radiological chapter describes distinctive radiological features of the intraventricular haemorrhage on CT and MR imaging. The clinical chapter introduces epidemiology, clinical course, symptomatology in relation to various localizations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment modalities of the disease in multimedia enhanced environment with illustrations photos and tables.

Chapter I./1.: Anatomy of the ventricles

Gábor Baksa

I./1.1.: Introduction

Four ventricles can be distinguished, such as the double ventriculi laterales and the single, midline ventriculus tertius et quartus. In everyday practice the lateral ventricles are often numbered. According to this, the left lateral ventricle corresponds to ventricle I., and the right one is ventricle II. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF, liquor cerebrospinalis) is produced by the plexus (plexus choroideus) located in the ventricles. The produced CSF eventually flows out from the connected (intercommunicating) ventricles through the openings of ventricle IV towards the subarachnoid cisterns. Thus the ventricles are often referred to as inner, while the subarachnoid space as outer liquor space.

The chapter structure

• I./1.1.: Introduction

• I./1.2.: Lateral ventricles

  • I./1.2.1.: General characteristics

  • I./1.2.2.: Anterior horn (cornu anterius seu frontale)

  • I./1.2.3/A.: Central part (pars centralis, seu cella media)

  • I./1.2.3/B.: Posterior horn (cornu posterius seu occipitale)

  • I./1.2.4.: Inferior horn (cornu inferius seu temporale)

• I./1.3.: Third ventricle

  • I./1.3.1.: General characteristics

  • I./1.3.2.: Inferior wall

  • I./1.3.3.: Lateral walls

  • I./1.3.4.: Anterior wall

  • I./1.3.5.: Posterior wall

  • I./1.3.6.: Superior wall

• I./1.4.: Fourth ventricle

  • I./1.4.1.: Sagittal section

  • I./1.4.2.: The base of the ventricle: fossa rhomboidea

  • I./1.4.3.: The top of the ventricle

  • I./1.4.4.: Cavity system connections

References

Hajdu: Vezérfonal a neuroanatómiához

Komáromy: Az agyvelő boncolása

Rauber – Kopsch: Lehrbuch der Anatomie

Szentágothai – Réthelyi: Funkcionális anatómia

Szél: Klinikai anatómia

Villiger – Ludwig: Gehirn und Rückenmark