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CNS disorders
General
I. Intracerebral hemorrhage
II. Primary brain tumors
III. Purulent meningitis
IV. Subarachnoid haemorrhage
V. Large hemispheric infarction caused by ipsilateral internal carotid artery thrombosis
VI. Cerebral metastases
VII. Meningioma
Topic 8
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CNS disorders
I. Intracerebral hemorrhage
I./2.4.: Causes of space-occupying lesions
I./2.4.: Causes of space-occupying lesions
I./2.4.: Causes of
space-occupying lesions
(i) Intracranial haemorrhage
(ii) intracranial tumor
,
(iii) anaemic cerebral infarction (
infarctus anaemicus cerebri
)
,
(iv) cerebral oedema (
oedema cerebri
)
.
Look into the picture!
Macropicture 7: Extreme degree obstructive hydrocephalus internus, as a
sequelae of ventricular haemorrhage obstructing the
aquaeductus cerebri. (Source: DEOEC Department of Pathology, courtesy of Peter Molnar)
Last modified: Wednesday, 30 April 2014, 10:00 AM
◄ I./2.3.: Intraventricular haemorrhage
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Chapter I./1.: Intraventricular haemorrhage; Anatomy of the ventricles
I./1.2.: Lateral ventricles
I./1.3.: Third ventricle
I./1.4.: Fourth ventricle
I. Anatomy test
Chapter I./2.: Pathological implications of intraventricular haemorrhage
I./2.1.: Main case characteristics of the presented dissection, I./2.2.: Description of dissection
Case report
I./2.3.: Intraventricular haemorrhage
I. Pathology test
Chapter I./3.: Radiological aspects of intraventricular hemorrhage
I./3.1.: Introduction: intracerebral hemorrhages in radiological point of view
I./3.2.: Computed tomography – CT
I./3.3.: Magnetic resonance imaging – MR
I./3.4.: Take home messages
I. Radiology test
Chapter I./4.: Intracerebral hemorrhage with ventricular propagation – Clinical aspects
I./4.1.: Epidemiology, I./4.2.: Presentation
I./4.3.: Symptomatology of intracerebral hemorrhage by localisation
I./4.4.: Differentials by etiology
I./4.5.: Treatment
I. Clinical test
Chapter II/1: Superficial and sectional anatomy of the brain
II/1.2: The brain’s convex surface
II/1.3: The brain’s medial surface
II/1.4: The brain’s basal surface
II/1.5: Sectional anatomy of the brain
II/1.6: Horizontal (axial) sections of the brain
II. Anatomy test
Chapter II./2: Pathological implications of the primary cerebral tumor
II./2.1.: Main case data of the presented dissection, II./2.2.: Description of the dissection
Case report
II./2.3.: Primary cerebral tumor
II. Pathology test
Chapter II./3.: Radiological aspects of primary brain tumors; II./3.1.: Introduction
II./3.2.: Imaging of brain tumors
II./3.3.: Differential diagnostic questions
II./3.4.: General radiologic aspects of brain tumors
II./3.5.: Take home messages
II. Radiology test
Chapter II./4.: Clinical aspects of the primary brain tumours; II./4.1.: Introduction
II./4.2.: Epidemiology
II./4.3.: Symptoms
II./4.4.: Diagnostic methods besides imaging
II./4.5.: Neuroepithelial tumours
II./4.6.: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL)
II./4.7.: Treatment
II. Clinical test
II. FINAL test
Chapter III./1.: Coverings of the Brain (Meninges); III./1.1.: Introduction
III./1.2.: Dura mater
III./1.3.: Arachnoid
III./1.4.: Pia mater
III./1.5.: Blood supply of the meninges
III./1.6.: The innervation of the meninges
III./1.7.: Development of the meninges (ontogenezis)
III. Anatomy test
Chapter III./2.: Pathological implications of purulent meningitis
III./2.1.: Main case data of the presented dissection , III./2.2.: Description of the dissection
Case report
III./2.3.: Purulent meningitis
III. Pathology test
Chapter III./3.: Radiological aspects of purulent meningitis
III./3.1.: Computed tomography
III./3.2.: Magnetic resonance imaging – MR
III./3.3.: Granulomatous meningitis – special form of meningitides
III./3.4.: Take home messages
III. Radiology test
Chapter III./4.: Clinical aspects of purulent meningitis
III./4.1.: Epidemiology
III./4.2.: Clinical symptoms
III./4.3.: Histopatology of meningitis
III./4.4.: Diagnosis
III./4.5.: Treatment
III./4.6.: Differential diagnosis of meningitises Differentiation is based on the neurological examination and on the patient’s history.
III. Clinical test
III. FINAL test
Chapter IV/1: Anatomy of the arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space and cisterns
IV/1.2: Cisterns
IV. Anatomy test
Chapter IV./2.: Pathological implications of subarachnoid haemorrhage
IV./2.1.: Main case data of the presented dissection, IV./2.2.: Description of the dissection
Case report
IV./2.3.: Subarachnoid haemorrhage
IV./2.4.: Berry aneurysm
IV./2.5.: Vascular malformations
IV. Pathology test
Chapter IV./3.: Radiological aspects of subarachnoid hemorrhage; IV./3.1.: Introduction
IV./3.2.: Computed tomography – CT
IV./3.3.: Magnetic resonance imaging – MR
IV./3.4.: Digital subtraction angiography – DSA, IV./3.5.: Ultrasound – US
IV./3.6.: Take home messages
IV. Radiology test
Chapter IV./4.: Subarachnoid hemorrhage – clinical approach
IV./4.1.: Epidemiology
IV./4.2.: Symptoms
IV./4.3.: Course of the disease
IV./4.4.: Additional diagnostics
IV./4.5.: Differential diagnosis
IV./4.6.: Therapy
IV. Clinical test
Chapter V./1.: Circulatory system of the brain; V./1.1.: Introduction
V./1.2.: Anterior cerebral circulation
V./1.3.: Posterior or vertebrobasilar cerebral circulation
V./1.4.: Arterial Circle of Willis
V./1.5.: Territorial organization of the circulation of the brain
V./1.6.: Persistent fetal arteries (persistent caroticobasilar anastomoses)
V. Anatomy test
Chapter V./2.: Pathological implications of the acute and chronic softening of the cerebral hemispheres
V./2.1.: Main case data of the presented dissection, IV./2.2.: Description of the dissection
Case report
V./2.3.: Hemispheric acute and chronic softening of the brain
V. Pathology test
Chapter V./3.: Radiological aspects of hemispherical acute and chronic cerebral ischemia
V./3.1.: Stroke
V./3.2.: Radiological aspects of ischemic cerebral infarcts
V./3.3.: Take home messages
V. Radiology
Chapter V./4.: Large hemispheric infarction caused by ipsilateral internal carotid artery thrombosis
V./4.1.: Epidemiology
V./4.2.: Etiology
V./4.3.: Risk factors
V./4.4.: Physical examination
V./4.5.: Presentation
V./4.6.: Workup except neuroimaging
V./4.7.: Differential diagnosis
V./4.8.: Treatment
V. Clinical test
Chapter VI./1.: Major tracts and tract systems of the brain
VI./1.2.: The brain’s commissural tracts
VI./1.3.: Association tracts
VI./1.4.: Projection tracts
VI. Anatomy test
Chapter VI./2.:Pathological implications of cerebral metastases
VI./2.1.: Main case data of the presented dissection, VI./2.2.: Description of the dissection
Case report
VI./2.3.: Issues of tumor malignancy
VI./2.4.: Issues of tumor metastizing
VI. Pathology test
Chapter VI./3.: Radiological aspects of cerebral metastasis; VI./3.1.: Introduction
VI./3.2.: Computed tomography – CT
VI./3.3.: Magnetic resonance imaging – MR
VI./3.4.: Take home messages
VI. Radiology test
Chapter VI./4.: Brain metastasis- Metastatic solitary melanoma
VI./4.1.: Epidemiology
VI./4.2.: Presentation
VI./4.3.: Workup
VI./4.4.: Differential diagnosis
VI./4.5.: Therapy
VI. Clinical test
Chapter VII/1: Structures on the base of the brain; VII/1.1: Introduction
VII/1.2: General structure of the base of the brain
VII/1.3: Cranial nerves
VII/1.4: Vessels of the base of the brain
VII. Anatomy test
Chapter VII./2.: Pathological implications of meningioma
VII./2.1.: Main case data of the presented dissection, VII./2.2.: Description of the preparation
Case report
VII./2.3.: Meningeoma
VII. Pathology test
Chapter VII./3.: Radiological aspects of meningeoma; VII./3.1.: Introduction
VII./3.2.: Computed tomography – CT
VII./3.3.: Magnetic resonance imaging – MR
VII./3.4.: Perfusion studies
VII./3.5.: Differential diagnostics; VII./3.6.: Angiography - embolisation; VII./3.7.: Nuclear medicine, isotope studies
VII./3.8.: Take home messages
VII. Radiology test
Chapter VII./4.: Clinical aspects of meningiomas
VII./4.1.: Epidemiology, etiology
VII./4.2.: Symptoms
VII./4.3.: Workup
VII./4.4.: Presentation, prognosis
VII./4.5.: Treatment
VII. Clinical test
I. Pathology test ►
