I. Learning unit: Complex urologic malformations  

Objectives and competencies

This syllabus covers clinico-pathological relevancies of a complex urological disorder (ureter duplex) in multidisciplinary approach. The anatomical chapter describes structure ontogenesis and developmental anomalies of urinary secretion and the urinary tract. The pathological chapter introduces various urological disorders and associated pathologies. The radiological chapter presents imaging modalities such as X-ray, ultrasound, retrograde ureter-pyelography, MCU CT, MRI, DSA used for diagnosis and summarizes radiological implications of hydronephrosis. The clinical chapter introduces epidemiology, etiology, clinical course, symptomatology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment modalities of complex urological disorders in multimedia enhanced environment with illustrations photos and tables.

I./1. chapter: Structure, ontogeny and developmental disorders of the kidney and the urinary passages

Nándor Nagy

The chapter structure

• I./1.1.: Structural description of the kidney and the urinary passages

• I./1.2.: Ontogeny of the uropoetic system and urinary passages

  • I./1.2.1.: Introduction

  • I./1.2.2.: Development of the kidneys

  • I./1.2.2.1.: Pronephros

  • I./1.2.2.2.: Mesonephros

  • I./1.2.2.3.: Metanephros

  • I./1.2.3.: Development of the urinary bladder and urethra

• I./1.3.: Developmental disorders of the uropoetic system and urinary passages

  • I./1.3.1.: Malformations of the kidney

    • I./1.3.1.1.: Numerical disorders

    • I./1.3.1.2.: Developmental disorders of the renal parenchyme

    • I./1.3.1.3.: Positional disorders of kidney (dystopia renis)

    • I./1.3.1.4.: Disorders of the fusion and formation of kidneys

  • I./1.3.2.: Developmental disorders of the ureter

  • I./1.3.3.: Developmental disorders of the urinary bladder and the urethra

References

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Dressler GR: The cellular basis of kidney development. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2006, 22: 509–529.

Farkas L, Pajor L, Papp Gy, Tóth Cs: Urológia (egyetemi tankönyv), Medicina Könyvkiadó Rt., Budapest 2005

Langman's Medical Embryology, 12th Edition, 2011 (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) by Thomas Sadler Thomas W. Sadler PhD, T. W. Sadler , Jill Leland , Susan L. Sadler-Redmond

Larsen's Human Embryology, 4 Edition, 2008 (Churchill Livingstone) by Gary C. Schoenwolf, Steven B. Bleyl, Philip R. Brauer, Philippa H. Francis-West

Mendelsohn C: Using mouse models to understand normal and abnormal urogenital tract development. Organogenesis 2009, 5 (1): 306-314.

Törő I, Csaba G: Az ember normális és patológiás fejlődése. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest 1964

Tripathi P, Guo Q, Wang Y, Coussens M, Liapis H, Jain S, Kuehn MR, Capecchi MR, Chen F: Midline signaling regulates kidney positioning but not nephrogenesis through Shh. Dev Biol 2010, 340 (2): 518-527.

Uetani N, Bouchard M: Plumbing in the embryo: developmental defects of the urinary tracts. Clin Genet 2009, 75 (4): 307-317.